Imagine being a caver in 1993, exploring the deep, narrow tunnels of the Lamalunga cave near Altamura, Italy. You squeeze through a hole and find yourself in a chamber where the walls look like they are "growing" bones.
There, fused into the limestone and covered in thick "cave popcorn" (calcite formations), was a skeleton staring back at you. This is the Altamura Man, and he’s been trapped in that exact spot for roughly 130,000 to 170,000 years.
A Living Part of the Cave What makes the Altamura Man unique isn't just his age—it’s his condition. Because he is literally fused into the rock, scientists can't just pick him up and take him to a lab. To do so would destroy the skeleton. Instead, he remains a permanent resident of the cave, encased in layers of calcite that have acted like a natural time capsule.
For years, researchers could only guess who he was. However, in 2015, a team led by Giorgio Manzi was finally able to extract a tiny piece of bone from the right scapula (shoulder blade). The DNA results were groundbreaking: he was a Neanderthal.
The Tragic Final Moments So, how did he end up there? The theory is as tragic as a horror movie. Scientists believe the Altamura Man likely fell into a sinkhole or a deep shaft. He survived the fall but found himself trapped in the pitch-black labyrinth of the cave system.
He probably wandered through the tunnels in the dark until he reached the "curved" chamber where his body was found. Exhausted and unable to find an exit, he eventually succumbed to starvation and dehydration. Over the next hundred millennia, water dripping from the cave ceiling slowly coated his remains in calcium carbonate, turning him into a permanent part of the earth.
Why He is a Scientific Goldmine The Altamura Man is considered one of the most complete Neanderthal skeletons ever found. Because he was sealed away from the outside world, his DNA is remarkably well-preserved.
By studying the Altamura Man, researchers are gaining a rare look at the transition between older hominids and Neanderthals. He is a bridge in our evolutionary story, frozen in time. Even though he died in total darkness and isolation, he is now shedding light on the history of our entire species.
Ref : https://factfun.co/